historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及39何蛍
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History of Scotland�察�later antiquarian researches have destroyed the value
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of the earlier portions of it�此 �but they have surely increased the value of
those later portions�察 �in which Buchanan inserted so much which he had
already spoken out in his Detection of Mary。 In that book also liberavit
animam suam�察�he spoke his mind fearless of consequences�察�in the face of a
king who he must have knownfor Buchanan was no dullardregarded
him with deep dislike�察�who might in a few years be able to work his ruin。
But those few years were not given to Buchanan。 He had all but done
his work�察 �and he hastened to get it over before the night should e
wherein no man can work。 One must be excused for tellingone would
not tell it in a book intended to be read only by Scotsmen�察�who know or
ought to know the tale alreadyhow the two Melvilles and Buchanan's
nephew Thomas went to see him in Edinburgh�察 �in September�察 �1581�察�
hearing that he was ill�察 �and his History still in the press�察 �and how they
found the old sage�察 �true to his schoolmaster's instincts�察 �teaching the
Hornbook to his servant´lad�察 �and how he told them that doing that was
;better than stealing sheep�察�or sitting idle�察�which was as bad�察─�and showed
them that dedication to James I。�察�in which he holds up to his imitation as a
hero whose equal was hardly to be found in history�察�that very King David
whose liberality to the Romish Church provoked James's witticism that
;David was a sair saint for the crown。; Andrew Melville�察 �so James
Melville says�察�found fault with the style。 Buchanan replied that he could
do no more for thinking of another thing�察�which was to die。 They then
went to Arbuthnot's printing´ house�察 �and inspected the history�察 �as far as
that terrible passage concerning Rizzio's burial�察�where Mary is represented
as ;laying the miscreant almost in the arms of Maud de Valois�察 �the late
queen。; Alarmed�察 �and not without reason�察 �at such plain speaking�察 �they
stopped the press�察�and went back to Buchanan's house。 Buchanan was in
bed。 ;He was going�察─�he said�察 �the way of welfare。; They asked him to
soften the passage�察 �the king might prohibit the whole work。 ;Tell me�察�
man�察─�said Buchanan�察 �if I have told the truth。; They could not�察�or would
not�察�deny it。 ;Then I will abide his feud�察�and all his kin's�察�pray�察�pray to
God for me�察 �and let Him direct all。; ;So�察─ �says Melville�察 �before the
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printing of his chronicle was ended�察 �this most learned�察 �wise�察 �and godly
man ended his mortal life。;
Camden has a hearsay storywritten�察�it must be remembered�察�in James
I。's timethat Buchanan�察 �on his death´bed�察 �repented of his harsh words
against Queen Mary�察 �and an old Lady Rosyth is said to have said that
when she was young a certain David Buchanan recollected hearing some
such words from George Buchanan's own mouth。 Those who will�察�may
read what Ruddiman and Love have said�察�and oversaid�察�on both sides of
the question�此 �whatever conclusion they e to�察�it will probably not be
that to which George Chalmers es in his life of Ruddiman�此 �that
;Buchanan�察 �like other liars�察 �who�察 �by the repetition of falsehoods are
induced to consider the fiction as truth�察 �had so often dwelt with
placency on the forgeries of his Detections�察 �and the figments of his
History�察 �that he at length regarded his fictions and his forgeries as most
authentic facts。;
At all events his fictions and his forgeries had not paid him in that coin
which base men generally consider the only coin worth having�察 �namely�察�
the good things of this life。 He left nothing behind himif at least Dr。
Irving has rightly construed the ;Testament Dative; which he gives in his
appendixsave arrears to the sum of 100 pounds of his Crossraguel
pension。 We may believe as we choose the story in Mackenzie's ;Scotch
Writers; that when he felt himself dying�察�he asked his servant Young about
the state of his funds�察 �and finding he had not enough to bury himself
withal�察�ordered what he had to be given to the poor�察�and said that if they
did not choose to bury him they might let him lie where he was�察�or cast
him in a ditch�察�the matter was very little to him。 He was buried�察�it seems�察�
at the expense of the city of Edinburgh�察�in the Greyfriars' Churchyardone
says in a plain turf graveamong the marble monuments which covered
the bones of worse or meaner men�察�and whether or not the ;Throughstone;
which�察 �sunk under the ground in the Greyfriars�察─�was raised and cleaned
by the Council of Edinburgh in 1701�察�was really George Buchanan's�察�the
reigning powers troubled themselves little for several generations where
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he lay。
For Buchanan's politics were too advanced for his age。 Not only
Catholic Scotsmen�察�like Blackwood�察�Winzet�察�and Ninian�察�but Protestants�察�
like Sir Thomas Craig and Sir John Wemyss�察�could not stomach the ;De
Jure Regni。; They may have had some reason on their side。 In the then
anarchic state of Scotland�察�organisation and unity under a mon head
may have been more important than the assertion of popular rights。 Be
that as it may�察�in 1584�察�only two years after his death�察�the Scots Parliament
condemned his Dialogue and History as untrue�察 �and manded all
possessors of copies to deliver them up�察�that they might be purged of ;the
offensive and extraordinary matters; which they contained。 The ;De Jure
Regni; was again prohibited in Scotland�察�in 1664�察�even in manuscript�察�and
in 1683�察�the whole of Buchanan's political works had the honour of being
burned by the University of Oxford�察 �in pany with those of Milton�察�
Languet�察 �and others�察 �as ;pernicious books�察 �and damnable doctrines�察�
destructive to the sacred persons of Princes�察 �their state and government�察�
and of all human society。; And thus the seed which Buchanan had sown�察�
and Milton had wateredfor the allegation that Milton borrowed from
Buchanan is probably true�察�and equally honourable to bothlay trampled
into the earth�察 �and seemingly lifeless�察 �till it tillered out�察 �and blossomed�察�
and bore fruit to a good purpose�察�in the Revolution of 1688。
To Buchanan's clear head and stout heart�察�Scotland owes�察�as England
owes likewise�察�much of her modern liberty。 But Scotland's debt to him�察�it
seems to me�察�is even greater on the count of morality�察�public and private。
What the morality of the Scotch upper classes was like�察 �in Buchanan's
early days�察 �is too notorious�察 �and there remains proof enoughin the
writings�察 �for insta