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historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及39何蛍


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History of Scotland�察�later antiquarian researches have destroyed the value 



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of the earlier portions of it�此          �but they have surely increased the value of 

those   later   portions�察  �in   which   Buchanan inserted   so   much   which   he   had 

already spoken out in his Detection of Mary。                   In that book also liberavit 

animam suam�察�he spoke his mind fearless of consequences�察�in the face of a 

king   who   he   must   have   knownfor   Buchanan   was   no   dullardregarded 

him with deep dislike�察�who might in a few years be able to work his ruin。 

     But those few years were not given to Buchanan。                    He had all but done 

his   work�察  �and   he   hastened   to   get   it   over   before   the   night   should   e 

wherein no man can work。               One must be excused for tellingone would 

not tell it in a book intended to be read only by Scotsmen�察�who know or 

ought   to   know   the   tale   alreadyhow   the   two   Melvilles   and   Buchanan's 

nephew       Thomas      went    to   see  him    in   Edinburgh�察     �in  September�察     �1581�察�

hearing   that   he   was   ill�察  �and   his   History   still   in   the   press�察  �and   how   they 

found      the  old   sage�察   �true   to  his   schoolmaster's       instincts�察  �teaching     the 

Hornbook   to   his   servant´lad�察  �and   how   he   told   them   that   doing   that   was 

;better than stealing sheep�察�or sitting idle�察�which was as bad�察─�and showed 

them that dedication to James I。�察�in which he holds up to his imitation as a 

hero whose equal was hardly to be found in history�察�that very King David 

whose   liberality   to   the   Romish   Church   provoked   James's   witticism   that 

;David   was       a  sair   saint  for   the   crown。;     Andrew   Melville�察       �so   James 

Melville says�察�found fault with the style。 Buchanan replied that he could 

do no more for thinking of another thing�察�which was to die。                         They then 

went   to Arbuthnot's   printing´   house�察  �and   inspected   the   history�察  �as   far   as 

that terrible passage concerning Rizzio's burial�察�where Mary is represented 

as   ;laying   the   miscreant   almost   in   the   arms   of   Maud   de Valois�察  �the   late 

queen。;   Alarmed�察  �and   not   without   reason�察  �at   such   plain   speaking�察  �they 

stopped the press�察�and went back to Buchanan's house。                      Buchanan was in 

bed。     ;He was going�察─�he said�察 �the way of welfare。;                  They asked him to 

soften   the   passage�察  �the   king   might   prohibit   the   whole   work。   ;Tell   me�察�

man�察─�said Buchanan�察 �if I have told the truth。;                 They could not�察�or would 

not�察�deny it。      ;Then I will abide his feud�察�and all his kin's�察�pray�察�pray to 

God   for   me�察  �and   let   Him   direct   all。;   ;So�察─  �says   Melville�察   �before   the 



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printing   of   his   chronicle   was   ended�察  �this   most   learned�察  �wise�察  �and   godly 

man ended his mortal life。; 

     Camden has a hearsay storywritten�察�it must be remembered�察�in James 

I。's   timethat   Buchanan�察  �on   his   death´bed�察  �repented   of   his   harsh   words 

against   Queen   Mary�察  �and   an   old   Lady   Rosyth   is   said   to   have   said   that 

when she was young a certain David Buchanan recollected hearing some 

such words from George Buchanan's own mouth。                        Those who will�察�may 

read what Ruddiman and Love have said�察�and oversaid�察�on both sides of 

the question�此       �whatever conclusion they e to�察�it will probably not be 

that   to   which   George   Chalmers   es   in   his   life   of   Ruddiman�此          �that 

;Buchanan�察       �like  other    liars�察 �who�察   �by   the  repetition    of   falsehoods     are 

induced      to   consider     the   fiction    as  truth�察  �had    so   often    dwelt    with 

placency  on   the   forgeries   of   his   Detections�察  �and   the   figments   of   his 

History�察 �that he   at length   regarded his   fictions   and his   forgeries   as   most 

authentic facts。; 

     At all events his fictions and his forgeries had not paid him in that coin 

which   base   men   generally  consider the  only  coin   worth   having�察  �namely�察�

the good   things of this life。         He  left nothing behind   himif  at   least   Dr。 

Irving has rightly construed the ;Testament Dative; which he gives in his 

appendixsave        arrears    to  the   sum    of  100    pounds     of  his   Crossraguel 

pension。      We may believe as we choose the story in Mackenzie's ;Scotch 

Writers; that when he felt himself dying�察�he asked his servant Young about 

the   state   of   his   funds�察  �and   finding   he   had   not   enough   to   bury   himself 

withal�察�ordered what he had to be given to the poor�察�and said that if they 

did not choose to bury him they might let him lie where he was�察�or cast 

him in a ditch�察�the matter was very little to him。              He was buried�察�it seems�察�

at the expense of the city of Edinburgh�察�in the Greyfriars' Churchyardone 

says in a plain turf graveamong the marble monuments which covered 

the bones of worse or meaner men�察�and whether or not the ;Throughstone; 

which�察 �sunk under the ground in the Greyfriars�察─�was raised and cleaned 

by the Council of Edinburgh in 1701�察�was really George Buchanan's�察�the 

reigning   powers   troubled   themselves   little   for   several   generations   where 



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he lay。 

     For   Buchanan's   politics   were   too   advanced   for   his   age。       Not   only 

Catholic Scotsmen�察�like Blackwood�察�Winzet�察�and Ninian�察�but Protestants�察�

like Sir Thomas Craig and Sir John Wemyss�察�could not stomach the ;De 

Jure Regni。;       They may have had some reason on their side。                 In the then 

anarchic state of Scotland�察�organisation and unity under a mon head 

may have been more important than the assertion of popular rights。                        Be 

that as it may�察�in 1584�察�only two years after his death�察�the Scots Parliament 

condemned        his   Dialogue     and   History    as   untrue�察  �and    manded        all 

possessors of copies to deliver them up�察�that they might be purged of ;the 

offensive and extraordinary matters; which they contained。                   The ;De Jure 

Regni; was again prohibited in Scotland�察�in 1664�察�even in manuscript�察�and 

in 1683�察�the whole of Buchanan's political works had the honour of being 

burned   by   the   University   of   Oxford�察  �in   pany   with   those   of   Milton�察�

Languet�察     �and    others�察  �as   ;pernicious     books�察   �and   damnable       doctrines�察�

destructive   to   the sacred   persons   of   Princes�察  �their   state   and   government�察�

and of all human society。;          And thus the seed which Buchanan had sown�察�

and   Milton   had   wateredfor   the   allegation   that   Milton   borrowed   from 

Buchanan is probably true�察�and equally honourable to bothlay trampled 

into   the   earth�察  �and   seemingly   lifeless�察  �till   it   tillered   out�察  �and   blossomed�察�

and bore fruit to a good purpose�察�in the Revolution of 1688。 

     To Buchanan's clear head and stout heart�察�Scotland owes�察�as England 

owes likewise�察�much of her modern liberty。               But Scotland's debt to him�察�it 

seems to me�察�is even greater on the count of morality�察�public and private。 

What   the   morality   of   the   Scotch   upper   classes   was   like�察  �in   Buchanan's 

early    days�察  �is  too   notorious�察   �and    there   remains    proof    enoughin     the 

writings�察    �for  insta

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