论语(英文版)-第12部分
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the master said； 〃if there were any of the princes who would employ me； inthe course of twelve months； i should have done something considerable。 in threeyears； the government would be perfected。〃
the master said； 〃'if good men were to govern a country in succession for ahundred years； they would be able to transform the violently bad； and dispensewith capital punishments。' true indeed is this saying！〃
the master said； 〃if a truly royal ruler were to arise； it would stirrequire a generation； and then virtue would prevail。〃
the master said； 〃if a minister make his own conduct correct； whatdifficulty will he have in assisting in government？ if he cannot rectify himself；what has he to do with rectifying others？〃
the disciple zan returning from the court； the master said to him； 〃how areyou so late？〃 he replied； 〃we had government business。〃 the master said； 〃itmust have been family affairs。 if there had been government business； though iam not now in office； i should have been consulted about it。〃
the duke ting asked whether there was a single sentence which could make acountry prosperous。 confucius replied； 〃such an effect cannot be expected fromone sentence。
〃there is a saying； however； which people have …'to be a prince is difficult；to be a minister is not easy。'
〃if a ruler knows this；…the difficulty of being a prince；…may there not beexpected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country？〃
the duke then said； 〃is there a single sentence which can ruin a country？〃confucius replied； 〃such an effect as that cannot be expected from one sentence。there is； however； the saying which people have…'i have no pleasure in being aprince； but only in that no one can offer any opposition to what i say！'
〃if a ruler's words be good； is it not also good that no one oppose them？but if they are not good； and no one opposes them； may there not be expectedfrom this one sentence the ruin of his country？〃
the duke of sheh asked about government。
the master said； 〃good government obtains when those who are near are madehappy； and those who are far off are attracted。〃
tsze…hsia！ being governor of chu…fu； asked about government。 the master said；〃do not be desirous to have things done quickly； do not look at small advantages。desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done thoroughly。 lookingat small advantages prevents great affairs from being acplished。〃
the duke of sheh informed confucius； saying； 〃among us here there are thosewho may be styled upright in their conduct。 if their father have stolen a sheep；they will bear witness to the fact。〃
confucius said； 〃among us； in our part of the country； those who are uprightare different from this。 the father conceals the misconduct of the son； and theson conceals the misconduct of the father。 uprightness is to be found in this。〃
fan ch'ih asked about perfect virtue。 the master said； 〃it is； in retirement；to be sedately grave； in the management of business； to be reverently attentive；in intercourse with others； to be strictly sincere。 though a man go among rude；uncultivated tribes； these qualities may not be neglected。〃
tsze…kung asked； saying； 〃what qualities must a man possess to entitle himto be called an officer？ the master said； 〃he who in his conduct of himselfmaintains a sense of shame； and when sent to any quarter will not disgrace hisprince's mission； deserves to be called an officer。〃
tsze…kung pursued； 〃i venture to ask who may be placed in the next lowerrank？〃 and he was told； 〃he whom the circle of his relatives pronounce to befilial； whom his fellow villagers and neighbors pronounce to be fraternal。〃
again the disciple asked； 〃i venture to ask about the class still next inorder。〃 the master said； 〃they are determined to be sincere in what they say；and to carry out what they do。 they are obstinate little men。 yet perhaps theymay make the next class。〃
tsze…kung finally inquired； 〃of what sort are those of the present day； whoengage in government？〃 the master said 〃pooh！ they are so many pecks and hampers；not worth being taken into account。〃
the master said； 〃since i cannot get men pursuing the due medium； to whom imight municate my instructions； i must find the ardent and the cautiously…decided。 the ardent will advance and lay hold of truth； the cautiously…decidedwill keep themselves from what is wrong。〃
the master said； 〃the people of the south have a saying …'a man withoutconstancy cannot be either a wizard or a doctor。' good！
〃inconstant in his virtue； he will be visited with disgrace。〃
the master said； 〃this arises simply from not attending to theprognostication。〃
the master said； 〃the superior man is affable； but not adulatory； the meanman is adulatory； but not affable。〃
tsze…kung asked； saying； 〃what do you say of a man who is loved by all thepeople of his neighborhood？〃 the master replied； 〃we may not for that accord ourapproval of him。〃 〃and what do you say of him who is hated by all the people ofhis neighborhood？〃 the master said； 〃we may not for that conclude that he is bad。it is better than either of these cases that the good in the neighborhood lovehim； and the bad hate him。〃
the master said； 〃the superior man is easy to serve and difficult to please。if you try to please him in any way which is not accordant with right； he willnot be pleased。 but in his employment of men； he uses them according to theircapacity。 the mean man is difficult to serve； and easy to please。 if you try toplease him； though it be in a way which is not accordant with right； he may bepleased。 but in his employment of men； he wishes them to be equal toeverything。〃
the master said； 〃the superior man has a dignified ease without pride。 themean man has pride without a dignified ease。〃
the master said； 〃the firm； the enduring； the simple； and the modest arenear to virtue。〃
tsze…lu asked； saying； 〃what qualities must a man possess to entitle him tobe called a scholar？〃 the master said； 〃he must be thus；…earnest； urgent； andbland：…among his friends； earnest and urgent； among his brethren； bland。〃
the master said； 〃let a good man teach the people seven years； and they maythen likewise be employed in war。〃
the master said； 〃to lead an uninstructed people to war； is to throw themaway。〃
14
hsien asked what was shameful。 the master said； 〃when good governmentprevails in a state； to be thinking only of salary； and； when bad governmentprevails； to be thinking； in the same way； only of salary；…this is shameful。〃
〃when the love of superiority； boasting； resentments； and covetousness arerepressed； this may be deemed perfect virtue。〃
the master said； 〃this may be regarded as the achievement of what isdifficult。 but i do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue。〃
the master said； 〃the scholar who cherishes the love of fort is not fitto be deemed a scholar。〃
the master said； 〃when good government prevails in a state； language may belofty and bold； and actions the same。 when bad government prevails； the actionsmay be lofty and bold； but the language may be with some reserve。〃
the master said； 〃the virtuous will be sure to speak correctly； but thosewhose speech is good may not always be virtuous。 men of principle are sure to bebold； but those who are bold may not always be men of principle。〃
nan…kung kwo； submitting an inquiry to confucius； said； 〃i was skillful atarchery； and ao could move a boat along upon the land； but neither of them dieda natural death。 yu and chi personally wrought at the toils of husbandry； andthey became possessors of the kingdom。〃 the master made no reply； but when nan…kung kwo went out； he said； 〃a superior man indeed is this！ an esteemer ofvirtue indeed is this！〃
the master said； 〃superior men； and yet not always virtuous； there have been；alas！ but there never has been a mean man； and； at the same time； virtuous。〃
the master said； 〃can there be love which does not lead to strictness withits object？ can there be loyalty which does not lead to the instruction of itsobject？〃
the master said； 〃in preparing the governmental notifications； p'i shanfirst made the rough draft； shi…shu
