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sitive to trend changes; but those shorter than 10 bars defeat the purpose of a trend…following tool。
均线的时间参数要多长?均线帮助确认趋势。上涨的均线鼓舞你持有多头仓位,下跌的均线告诉你持有空头仓位。时间窗口越宽,均线越平滑。这个好处是有成本的。时间参数越长,均线对趋势变化的反应越慢。时间参数越短,均线跟踪趋势就越好,但是会受到主趋势的洗盘,暂时的波动的影响。如果你的时间参数特别长,它会错过重要的反转,亏损资金。时间参数小的均线对趋势变化很敏感,比10日短的均线能打败趋势跟踪工具。
At the time I wrote Trading for a Living; I was using 13…bar MAs; but in recent years I switched to longer moving averages to catch more important trends and avoid whipsaws。 To analyze weekly charts; start with a 26…week moving average; representing half a year’s worth of data。 Try to shorten that number and see whether you can do it without sacrificing the smoothness of your MA。 On the daily charts; start with a 22…day MA; reflecting roughly the number of trading days in a month; and see whether you can make it shorter。 Whatever length you decide to use; be sure to test it on your own data。 If you track just a handful of markets; you’ll have enough time to try different lengths of moving averages until you get smoothly flowing lines。
当我写《以交易为生》的时候,我用13日均线,但是最近几年,我改到更长的时间,以往抓住更重要的趋势,避免洗盘。要分析周线图,用26周均线,代表了半年的数据。你可以试试把时间参数变小,看看在不牺牲均线平滑的情况下,你是否能做好。在日线图上,用22日均线,大概反映了一个月的天数,你可以看看是否能把时间设的更小。不管你用什么时间参数,一定要用你自己的数据测试。如果你跟踪很多市场,你要有足够的时间测试不同时间参数,直到你找到平滑的均线。
The width of any indicator time window is best expressed in bars rather than days。 The puter doesn’t know whether you are analyzing daily; monthly; or hourly charts; it sees only bars。 Whatever we say about a daily MA applies to the weekly or the monthly。 It’s better to call it a 22…bar MA rather than a 22…day MA。
时间参数的设置最好用竹线,不要用天。电脑不知道你是在分析日线图,周线图或小时图,电脑只知道竹线。不管我们说的是日均线,周均线或月均线,最好还是叫做22条均线,而不是22天均线。
Mathematically savvy traders can look into using adaptive moving averages whose length changes in response to market conditions; as advocated by John Ehlers; Tushar Chande; and Perry Kaufman。 Ehlers’ latest book; Rocket Science for Traders; delves into adapting all indicators to current market conditions。
聪明的交易者可以使用自适应均线,它的时间参数随时市场环境变化而变化。约翰·埃勒斯,图莎·钱德,佩里·考夫曼支持这个方法。埃勒斯的最后一本书《交易者的火箭科学》就研究了如何让所有指标适应目前的市场状况。
What Type of Moving Average? A simple MA adds up prices in its time window and divides the sum by the width of that window。 For example; for a 10…day simple MA of closing prices; add up closing prices for the past 10 days and divide the sum by 10。 The trouble with a simple MA is that each price affects it twice … when it es in and when it drops out。 A high new value pushes up the moving average; giving a buy signal。 This is good; we want our MAs to respond to new prices。 The trouble is that 10 days later; when that high number drops from the window; the MA also drops; giving a sell signal。 This is ridiculous because if we shorten a simple MA by one day; we’ll get that sell signal a day sooner; and if we lengthen it by a day; we’ll get it a day later。 We can engineer our own signals by fiddling with the length of a simple MA!
什么类型的均线?简单的均线就是把时间参数内的价格加总,然后除以时间参数的数值。比如,10日简单均线,把10天的收盘价加总,再除以10。简单均线的麻烦是每个价格影响了2次——进来时和出去时。新的高价推高了均线,提示买入信号。这不错,我们需要均线对价格有反应。问题是,10天后,当那个高价被剔出后,均线又下跌了,提示卖出信号。这太荒谬了,我们提前一天,我们就提前得到了卖出信号,如果我们加一天,我们就推迟一天得到信号。我们可以自己通过改变简单均线的时间参数来改变信号!
An exponential moving average (EMA) overes this problem。 It reacts only to ining prices; to which it assigns more weight。 It does not drop old prices from its time window; but slowly squeezes them out with the passage of time。
指数移动平均线(张轶注:EMA在后面全部翻译成均线,请留心,因为作者大多指这个均线)克服了这个问题。它只对新价格有反应,给最新的价格最大的权重。它不会把老价格剔除,只是慢慢地把它们挤出去。
EMA=Ptoday·K+EMAyesterday·(1…K)
Where
这里的定义
K=2/(N+1)
N= the number of days in the EMA (selected by trader)
N=均线所使用的天数(交易者自己决定)
Ptoday=today’s price
Ptoday=今天的价格
EMAyesterday=the EMA of yesterday
EMAyesterday=昨天的均线值
Few people calculate indicators by hand these days … puters do it faster and more accurately。 If we decide to look at a 22…bar EMA of closing prices; K= 2/(22+1)=2/23=0。087。 Multiply the latest closing price by that figure; multiply yesterday’s EMA by 0。913 (i。e。; 1…0。087); add the two; and arrive at today’s EMA。 Traders sometimes ask where to get an EMA in the beginning。 Begin by calculating a 22…bar simple MA and then switch to the EMA。 Most indicators require you to have one or two months of data before they start giving meaningful signals。
现在很少有人手算这些指标了——电脑算的更快,更准。如果我们想知道22日均线收盘价,K= 2/(22+1)=2/23=0。087。用最新的收盘价乘以这个数字,用0。913(也就是1…0。087)乘以昨天的均线值,加上这两个值,我们得到了今天的均线值。交易者有时问一开始怎么算均线值。先算22日的简单均线,然后转换成指数移动平均线。大部分指标都要求你提供一个月或两个月的数据,这样才会产生有意义的信号。
Trading Signals The most important message of a moving average is the direction of its slope。 When the EMA rises; it shows that the crowd is being more optimistic and bullish; which is a good time to be long。 When it falls; it shows that the crowd is being more pessimistic and bearish。 It is a good time to be short。
交易信号 均线的重要信息是它的坡度。当均线上涨时,它表明大众很乐观,是多头,此时最好做多。当它下跌时,它表明大众很悲观,是空头,此时最好做空。
When a moving average points up; trade that market from the long side。 When a moving average points down; trade that market from the short side。 As a trader; you have three options: go long; go short; or stand aside。 A moving average takes away one of those。 When it points up; it prohibits you from shorting and tells you to go long or stand aside。 When it points down; it prohibits you from buying and tells you to look only for shorts or stay out。 When an EMA starts jerking up and down; it indicates a vacillating; trendless market; it is better to stop using trend…following methods。 Continue to monitor the EMA; but take its signals at a discount until a new trend emerges。
当均线上涨时,考虑做多;当均线下跌时,考虑做空。作为交易者,你有3个选择:做多,做空,或观望。均线会提示一种方式。均线上涨,它禁止你做空,告诉你做多或观望。它下跌时,它禁止你做多,告诉你只能做空或观望。如果均线忽上忽下,这表明市场很犹豫,没有趋势,但是可以把它的信号作为一种妥协,直到新的趋势出现。
The only time when it is OK to override the message of a moving average is when trying to pick a bottom after a bullish divergence between MACD…Histogram (described below) and price。 If you do that; be sure to use tight stops。 If you succeed; bank your profits but do not think that the rules of the game have changed。 A trader who thinks he is above the rules bees careless and loses money。
唯一可以利用均线信号的时机是在MACD柱(后面会解释)和价格形成看涨背离的时候找到底部。如果你这么做了,一定要用严格的止损。如果你成功了,把利润存入银行,但不要以为这个游戏规则变了。交易者如果以为自己能战胜原则,他就会变得粗心,就会亏钱。
Enter long positions in the vicinity of a rising MA。 Enter short positions in the vicinity of a falling MA。 Use MA to differentiate between “value trades” and “greater fool theory trades。” Most uptrends are punctuated by declines; when prices return to the EMA。 When we buy near the moving average; we buy value and can place a tight stop slightly below the EMA。 If the rally resumes; we’ll make money; but if the market turns against us; the loss will be small。 Buying near the EMA helps maximize gains and minimize risks。
在上涨的均线附近建仓做多。在下跌的均线附近建仓做空。用均线来区分“价值投资”和“傻瓜理论”。大部分上涨都会伴随着下跌,价格会回

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