论语(英文版)-第4部分
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o converse with the visitors andguests； but i do not know whether he is perfectly virtuous。〃
the master said to tsze…kung； 〃which do you consider superior； yourself orhui？〃
tsze…kung replied； 〃how dare i pare myself with hui？ hui hears one pointand knows all about a subject； i hear one point； and know a second。〃
the master said； 〃you are not equal to him。 i grant you； you are not equalto him。〃
tsai yu being asleep during the daytime； the master said； 〃rotten woodcannot be carved； a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel。 this yu；…what is the use of my reproving him？〃
the master said； 〃at first； my way with men was to hear their words； andgive them credit for their conduct。 now my way is to hear their words； and lookat their conduct。 it is from yu that i have learned to make this change。〃
the master said； 〃i have not seen a firm and unbending man。〃 some onereplied； 〃there is shan ch'ang。〃 〃ch'ang；〃 said the master； 〃is under theinfluence of his passions； how can he be pronounced firm and unbending？〃
tsze…kung said； 〃what i do not wish men to do to me； i also wish not to doto men。〃 the master said； 〃ts'ze； you have not attained to that。〃
tsze…kung said； 〃the master's personal displays of his principles andordinary descriptions of them may be heard。 his discourses about man's nature；and the way of heaven； cannot be heard。〃
when tsze…lu heard anything； if he had not yet succeeded in carrying it intopractice； he was only afraid lest he should hear something else。
tsze…kung asked； saying； 〃on what ground did kung…wan get that title ofwan？〃
the master said； 〃he was of an active nature and yet fond of learning； andhe was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors！…on these grounds he hasbeen styled wan。〃
the master said of tsze…ch'an that he had four of the characteristics of asuperior man…in his conduct of himself； he was humble； in serving his superior；he was respectful； in nourishing the people； he was kind； in ordering the people；he was just。〃
the master said； 〃yen p'ing knew well how to maintain friendly intercourse。the acquaintance might be long； but he showed the same respect as at first。〃
the master said； 〃tsang wan kept a large tortoise in a house； on thecapitals of the pillars of which he had hills made； and with representations ofduckweed on the small pillars above the beams supporting the rafters。…of whatsort was his wisdom？〃
tsze…chang asked； saying； 〃the minister tsze…wan thrice took office； andmanifested no joy in his countenance。 thrice he retired from office； andmanifested no displeasure。 he made it a point to inform the new minister of theway in which he had conducted the government； what do you say of him？〃 themaster replied。 〃he was loyal。〃 〃was he perfectly virtuous？〃 〃i do not know。 howcan he be pronounced perfectly virtuous？〃
tsze…chang proceeded； 〃when the officer ch'ui killed the prince of ch'i；ch'an wan； though he was the owner of forty horses； abandoned them and left thecountry。 ing to another state； he said； 'they are here like our great officer；ch'ui；' and left it。 he came to a second state； and with the same observationleft it also；…what do you say of him？〃 the master replied； 〃he was pure。〃 〃washe perfectly virtuous？〃 〃i do not know。 how can he be pronounced perfectlyvirtuous？〃
chi wan thought thrice； and then acted。 when the master was informed of it；he said； 〃twice may do。〃
the master said； 〃when good order prevailed in his country； ning wu actedthe part of a wise man。 when his country was in disorder； he acted the part of astupid man。 others may equal his wisdom； but they cannot equal his stupidity。〃
when the master was in ch'an； he said； 〃let me return！ let me return！ thelittle children of my school are ambitious and too hasty。 they are acplishedand plete so far； but they do not know how to restrict and shape themselves。〃
the master said； 〃po…i and shu…ch'i did not keep the former wickednesses ofmen in mind； and hence the resentments directed towards them were few。〃
the master said； 〃who says of weishang kao that he is upright？ one beggedsome vinegar of him； and he begged it of a neighbor and gave it to the man。〃
the master said； 〃fine words； an insinuating appearance； and excessiverespect；…tso ch'iu…ming was ashamed of them。 i also am ashamed of them。 toconceal resentment against a person； and appear friendly with him；…tso ch'iu…ming was ashamed of such conduct。 i also am ashamed of it。〃
yen yuan and chi lu being by his side； the master said to them； 〃e； leteach of you tell his wishes。〃
tsze…lu said； 〃i should like； having chariots and horses； and light furclothes； to share them with my friends； and though they should spoil them； iwould not be displeased。〃
yen yuan said； 〃i should like not to boast of my excellence； nor to make adisplay of my meritorious deeds。〃
tsze…lu then said； 〃i should like； sir； to hear your wishes。〃 the mastersaid； 〃they are； in regard to the aged； to give them rest； in regard to friends；to show them sincerity； in regard to the young； to treat them tenderly。〃
the master said； 〃it is all over。 i have not yet seen one who could perceivehis faults； and inwardly accuse himself。〃
the master said； 〃in a hamlet of ten families； there may be found onehonorable and sincere as i am； but not so fond of learning。〃
6
the master said； 〃there is yung！…he might occupy the place of a prince。〃
chung…kung asked about tsze…sang po…tsze。 the master said； 〃he may pass。 hedoes not mind small matters。〃
chung…kung said； 〃if a man cherish in himself a reverential feeling of thenecessity of attention to business； though he may be easy in small matters inhis government of the people； that may be allowed。 but if he cherish in himselfthat easy feeling； and also carry it out in his practice； is not such aneasymode of procedure excessive？〃
the master said； 〃yung's words are right。〃
the duke ai asked which of the disciples loved to learn。
confucius replied to him； 〃there was yen hui； he loved to learn。 he did nottransfer his anger； he did not repeat a fault。 unfortunately； his appointed timewas short and he died； and now there is not such another。 i have not yet heardof any one who loves to learn as he did。〃
tsze…hwa being employed on a mission to ch'i； the disciple zan requestedgrain for his mother。 the master said； 〃give her a fu。〃 yen requested more。〃give her a yi；〃 said the master。 yen gave her five ping。
the master said； 〃when ch'ih was proceeding to ch'i； he had fat horses tohis carriage； and wore light furs。 i have heard that a superior man helps thedistressed； but does not add to the wealth of the rich。〃
yuan sze being made governor of his town by the master； he gave him ninehundred measures of grain； but sze declined them。
the master said； 〃do not decline them。 may you not give them away in theneighborhoods； hamlets； towns； and villages？〃
the master； speaking of chung…kung； said； 〃if the calf of a brindled cow bered and homed； although men may not wish to use it； would the spirits of themountains and rivers put it aside？〃
the master said； 〃such was hui that for three months there would be nothingin his mind contrary to perfect virtue。 the others may attain to this on somedays or in some months； but nothing more。〃
chi k'ang asked about chung…yu； whether he was fit to be employed as anofficer of government。 the master said； 〃yu is a man of decision； whatdifficulty would he find in being an officer of government？〃 k'ang asked； 〃ists'ze fit to be employed as an officer of government？〃 and was answered； 〃ts'zeis a man of intelligence； what difficulty would he find in being an officer ofgovernment？〃 and to the same question about ch'iu the master gave the same reply；saying； 〃ch'iu is a man of various ability。〃
the chief of the chi family sent to ask min tsze…ch'ien to be governor of pi。min tszech'ien said； 〃decline the offer for me politely。 if any one e againto me with a second invitation； i shall be obliged to go and live on the banksof the wan。〃
po…niu being ill； the master went to ask for him。 he took hold of his handthrough the window； and said； 〃it is killing him。 it is the appoi
